A tarihin siyasar Najeriya mai cike da sauye-sauye, shugabanni uku da suka taka rawar gani sannan mutuwarsu ta girgiza ƙasa, sun haɗa da Shehu Shagari, Umaru Musa Yar’adua, da Muhammadu Buhari.
Kowannensu ya shugabanci Najeriya a lokaci daban-daban, inda suka yi mulki cike da ƙalubale da nasarori, kuma kowanne ya bar wani tarihi a siyasar ƙasar nan.
Shehu Shagari: Shugaban dimokuraɗiyya na farko
An haifi Alhaji Shehu Usman Aliyu Shagari a shekarar 1925 a garin Shagari, da ke Jihar Sakkwato. Shi ne shugaban ƙasa na farko da aka zaɓa a tsarin dimokuraɗiyya bayan tsawon lokaci da aka shafe ana mulkin soja.
Ya hau mulki a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1979, a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar NPN, da burin haɗa kan ƙasa da farfaɗo da tattalin arziƙi.
A lokacin mulkinsa, ya ƙaddamar da Shirin Bunƙasa Noma (Green Revolution) domin bunƙasa noma da rage dogaro da abinci daga ƙetare. Gwamnatinsa ta raba taki, iri da kayan aikin noma ga manoma.
Shagari ya kuma samar da Shirin Gidaje Masu Arha, inda aka gina gidaje masu sauƙi a manyan birane. Har ila yau, ya zuba jari wajen gina makarantu, hanyoyi, da ma’aikatu da dama.
Sai dai, an soki gwamnatin Shagari bisa gazawar bunƙasa tattalin arziƙi, ciyo bashi da kuma yawaitar cin hanci. Farashin mai ya faɗi a lokacin mulkinsa, lamarin da ya haifar da matsin tattalin arziƙi.
A ranar 31 ga watan Disamban 1983, aka kifar da mulkinsa ta hanyar juyin mulki, wanda Janar Muhammadu Buhari ya jagoranta.
Daga nan Shagari ya koma yin rayuwa ba tare da shiga harkokin siyasa ba har zuwa lokacin rasuwarsa a ranar 28 ga watan Disamban 2018, inda ya rasu yana da shekaru 93. Ana tunawa shi a matsayin shugaba mai sauƙin hali, mai kishin dimokuraɗiyya da ɗa’a.
Umaru Musa Yar’adua: Shugaban da ya yi ƙoƙarin kai Najeriya tudun mun tsira
An haifi Umaru Musa Yar’adua a shekarar 1951, kuma ya yi fice ne a harkar siyasa lokacin da ya zama Gwamnan Jihar Katsina daga 1999 zuwa 2007.
A lokacin gwamnatinsa, ya yi fice wajen kwatanta gaskiya da riƙon amana, shi ne gwamna na farko a Najeriya da ya taɓa bayyana wa jama’a kadarorinsa kafin hawa mulki.
Ya zama shugaban ƙasa a shekarar 2007 a ƙarƙashin jam’iyyar PDP, bayan ya gaji Tsohon Shugaban Ƙasa, Olusegun Obasanjo, inda ya samu ƙasar nan a lokacin da ta ke buƙatar sauye-sauye masu tarin yawa.
Ya gabatar da manufofin Seven-Point Agenda, waɗanda suka shafi wutar lantarki, noma, samar da ayyukan yi, ilimi, gyaran ƙasa, tsaro da sufuri.
Babban abin tunawa a mulkinsa shi ne shirin yi wa ’Yan Tawayen Neja Delta afuwa, wanda aka ƙaddamar a 2009. Wannan shiri ya sa an samu sauƙi a rikicin yankin Neja Delta kuma ya taimaka wajen sauƙaƙa fitar da ɗanyen mai daga yankin.
Yar’adua ya kuma kafa Kwamitin Gyara Tsarin Zaɓe ƙarƙashin jagorancin Mohammed Uwais, domin yin gyara tsarin zaɓe a ƙasar nan, wanda hakan ya kasance wata alama ta gaskiya a shugabanci.
Sai dai, ya sha fama da matsananciyar rashin lafiya, inda ya yi jinya a asibiti a ƙasar waje, ba tare da ya miƙa mulki ga mataimakinsa ba.
Wannan lamarin ya jawo ruɗani, har sai da Majalisar Dattawa, ta ayyana Goodluck Jonathan a matsayin muƙaddashin shugaban ƙasa a wancan lokaci.
Yar’adua ya rasu a ranar 5 ga watan Mayun 2010, ya rasu yana da shekaru 58. Mutuwarsa ta zo a daidai lokacin da mutane da dama ke ganin zai iya sauya Najeriya. Ya samu gurbi da farin jini a zukatan mutane saboda gaskiyarsa da kishin al’umma.
Muhammadu Buhari: Shugaban mulkin soja da farar hula
An haifi Muhammadu Buhari a shekarar 1942 a Daura, a Jihar Katsina. Ya fara mulkin Najeriya a matsayin shugaban mulkin soja daga shekarar 1983 zuwa 1985, bayan ya kifar da Gwamnatin Shehu Shagari.
A wancan lokacin, ya ƙaddamar da shirin Yaƙi da Rashin Ɗa’a (War Against Indiscipline), wanda ya yi fice kan dokar tsafta da ladabi a wuraren aiki da kuma tsakanin al’umma.
Bayan shekaru da dama, ya dawo siyasa a matsayin ɗan jam’iyyar adawa. Bayan ya faɗi takarar shugaban ƙasa har sau uku, a 2015 ya yi nasara a ƙarƙashin Jam’iyyar APC, inda ya doke shugaba mai ci, Goodluck Jonathan.
Wannan ya zama karon farko da jam’iyyar adawa ta karɓi mulki cikin salama a Najeriya.
Buhari, ya mayar da hankali kan Yaƙi da Cin Hanci, Ƙarfafa Tsaro, da Bunƙasa Tattalin Arziƙi. Ya fito da tsarin TSA (Treasury Single Account) domin tara kuɗaɗen gwamnati cikin asusu guda don rage zurarewar kuɗi.
Gwamnatinsa ta ƙaddamar da Shirin Tallafi na NSIP, wanda ya haɗa da N-Power (ɗaukar matasa aiki), TraderMoni (bai wa ƙananan ‘yan kasuwa bashi), da Shirin Ciyar da Ɗalibai a Makarantun Firamare.
A ɓangaren ababen more rayuwa, ya kammala ayyuka masu muhimmanci kamar Titin Jirgin Ƙasa na Abuja zuwa Kaduna, Babbar Hanyar Legas zuwa Ibadan da Gadar Neja ta Biyu.
A ɓangaren tsaro kuwa, ya yi yaƙi da Boko Haram, amma daga bisani rikice-rikicen ’yan bindiga, garkuwa da mutane da rikicin manoma da makiyaya suka ƙara ta’azzara a lokacin mulkinsa.
A shekarar 2019, an sake zaɓensa a karo na biyu, kuma ya kammala mulkinsa a 2023, inda ya miƙa mulki ga Bola Ahmed Tinubu. Bayan barin mulki, ya sha fama da rashin lafiya.
A ranar 13 ga watan Yuli, 2025, Buhari ya rasu a Birnin Landan bayan doguwar jinya. Mutuwarsa ta haifar da cece-kuce kan yadda ya gudanar da mulkinsa.
Shehu Shagari, Umaru Musa Yar’adua da Muhammadu Buhari,waɗanda suka fito daga yankin Arewacin Najeriya, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a siyasa da kuma tarihin Najeriya.
