Masarautar Karaye tana yamma da birnin Kano, yanki ne mai dausayi mai albarka da ake noma kowane nau’in abinci. Mazaunanta na farko Maguzawa ne da habe masu sana’ar noma da farauta. Daga baya Fulani masu sana’ar kiwo da noma suka shigo kafin Jihadin Shehu Usman Dan Fodiyo. Yawancin Fulani sukan zo domin samun abincin dabbobinsu a bakin kogi wanda ya ratsa kasar, har suka yi kaka-gida a kasar lokaci mai tsawo, su ne suke rike da sarautar Wambai kafin Jihadi.
Wakilinmu ya tattauna da daya daga cikin ’ya’yan Sarkin Karaye Alhaji Umaru Yusufu Karaye wanda masanin tarihi ne kuma marubucin littafi tarihin Masarautar Karaye mai suna “Karaye Makarar Maganar Kano.”
Alhaji Umaru Karaye, ya ce a da can Karaye akan tura Jakada domin ya rike kasa, Madakin Wambai shi ne yake rike da kasar Karaye, sai lokacin Galadiman Kano Malam Ibrahim Dabo bayan rasuwar Jakada a 1809 Malam Dabo ya dauko Baffansa a wani gari da ake kira ‘Kwazazzabon ’Yarkwando’ da ake kira Malam Kwasanlo ya sa Sarkin kano Sulaimanu ya nada shi Sarkin Kayaraye wato Hakimin Karaye. “Kwasan ana nufin nono da Fulatanci, Kwasanlo kuma yana nufin maikogin nono da azancin Fulatanci saboda yawan shanunsa,” inji shi.
Asalin mazauna Karaye
Game da asalin mazauna Karaye Alhaji Umaru Yusuf ya ce, kafin zuwan Bagauda a shekarar 999 Miladiyya, mazauna Karaye Maguzawa ne masu bautar itatuwan rimaye da kukoki.sunayen wadannan rimaye sune; Rimin Ya-ki-Ya-ki da Rimin Kwatan Kwano da Rimin Tagwaye da Rimin Kofar Zango.Wadannan Maguzawa suna da shugabansu wanda ake kira Karaye. Shi ne mai lura da duk harkokin zamantakewarsu.
Asalin kafuwar Karaye
Kan asalin garin kuwa cewa ya yi: “An kafa garin Karaye a shekarar 1085 Miladiyya, kuma garin ya samo sunansa ne daga wasu manyan itatuwan da ke wata maciya wadda take tsakiyar garin. A shekarar 1101 Miladiyya aka nada Wambai Muradu ya zama mai kula da harkokin mulkin kasar Karaye. Daga 1101 zuwa 1793 sarakunan Habe ne suke sarautar kasar karaye.”
Garuruwan da suke kasar Karaye a wancan lokaci
Kan garuruwan Karaye ya ce, bayan da Habe suka karbi mulki sai suka fadada ta ta bunkasa ta mallaki manyan garuruwa na lokacin kamar su; Godiya da Gwangwan da Shanono da Getso da Yalwan Danziyal. A takaice dai a Arewacin Kano sai da Karaye ta dangana da Makoda. Kuma a dalilin wannan bunkasa ce ake yi wa garin kirari da ‘’Karaye Makarar Maganar Kano.’’
Kyauran Yamma da kano
Umaru Yusuf ya ce, saboda karfin Karaye wajen yaki. Kano ba ta samu munanan hare-hare daga yammacinta ba.
Kano ta hada kai da Karaye wajen yakar garuruwa kamar su; Damagaran da Maradi da Katsina da Ningi da Zariya da Hadeja.Ya ce saboda shaharar garin wajen yaki ne ake yi masa kirari da ‘’Kyauran Yamma da Kano.’’
Hakiman kasar Karaye
Alhaji Umaru ya ce kamar yadda Kano take da tsarin nada hakimai haka Karaye take da nata tsarin nada hakiman, don haka a halin yanzu Karaye tana da hakimai kamar haka koda yake kwanan baya ta yi nadin wasu sarautu: Waziri da Madaki da Makama da Galadiman da Wambai da Chiroma da Turaki da Tafida da Damburan da Barde da Dan’isa. Sauran su ne Yarima da Zanna da Ajiya da Dallatu da Santali da Jarma da Garkuwa da Ma’aji da Sarkin Yaki da Marafa da Talba da sauransu.
Alakar Karaye da Kano (mulkin Habe) Alhaji Umaru Karaye ya ce, Gidan Bagauda wanda ya yi mulki daga shekarar 999 zuwa 1804 Miladiyya, lokacin da Sarkin Kano Yusa, wanda aka fi sani da Tsaraki Dan Gijimasu ya ga an yi ganuwa a Kano, kuma an tara makamai, sai ya nemi ya kara kasar Kano don gudun kada manyan kasashe da ke makwabtaka da ita su fara kawo mata hari. Babbar kasar da Sarkin Kano ya fara neman hadin kanta ita ce Karaye saboda bunkasarta wajen yaki. Daga nan suka hada dakarunsu, wato na Kano da Karaye, suka ci gaba da fadada Kasar Kano. Saboda haka Karaye ita ce masarauta ta farko da Kano ta fara alaka da ita don fadada kasar Kano. Daga nan Karaye ta cigaba da rike wannan matsayi har zuwan Jihadin Shehu Usmanu Dan Fodiyo.
Alaka ta biyu (mulkin Habe)
A shekarar 1085 Miladiyya, lokacin da Sheikh Dan Fodiyo ya ci galaba a Gobir da Kebbi, ya bai wa manyan almajiransa jiga-bakwai tuta zuwa Kano domin neman wata galabar. Lokacin da suka zo Kano ba su da karfin da za su fuskanci Masarautar Kano da yaki don haka sai suka yi matsuguni a wani yanki da ake kira da Kwazazzabon ’Yarkando.
An kada kugen jihadi, kuma nasararsu ta fara da kasar Karaye jim kadan sai Masarautar Kano ta ruguje inda Sarkin Kano Muhammad Alwali, wanda shi ne Sarki na karshe kuma na 43 a mulkin Habe ya arce tare da Wambai wato (Wamban Karaye ke nan na wancan karni).
A lokacin Sarkin Kano Sulaimanu, ya nada Sulaimanu Nadoji a matsayin Madakin Kano, Wambai a garin Karaye. Bayan rasuwar Madakin Wambai Nadoji sai Sarkin Kano Sulaimanu wato Sarki na farko a mulkin Fulani ya nada Adamu Kwasanlo a matsayin Sarkin Karaye wato aka daga darajar sarautar daga Wambai zuwa Sarki a 1809. An yi wannan nadi ne bisa taimakon Galadiman Kano Malam Ibrahim Dabo, wanda yake da ne a wajensa an samu ci gaba, bayan nadin Sarkin Kano Malam Dabo, garin Karaye na daya daga cikin garuruwan da suka habaka saboda haka Adamu Kwasanlo ya zama shi ne Sarki na farko a mulkin Fulani a kasar Karaye.
“Malam Adamu Fika a littafinsa mai suna ‘The Kano Cibil War and British Oberrule’ ya ce sarakunan Karaye Sullubawa ne jinin gidan Sarautar Kano, sai dai ba su da damar neman Sarautar Kano, shi ya sa aka kebe musu kasar Karaye ta zama nan ne kasarsu wato (rabonsu) saboda haka sarautar Karaye gadonta ake sai dan asalin daya daga cikin gidajen sarautarta ake nadawa,” inji Alhaji Umaru.
Sarkunan Fulani a Karaye
Daga nan sai ya jero sarakunan Karaye kamar haka: Sarkin Karaye Adamu Kwasanlo 1809 -1833, sai Sarkin Karaye Muhammadu Kecci 1833-1843, da Sarkin Karaye Muhammadu Tambari 1848-1848 da Sarkin Karaye Muhammadu Sambo 1848-1858 sai Sarkin Karaye Alu 1858-1891, da Sarkin Karaye Hassan 1891-1894. Sauran su ne Sarkin Karaye Dabo 1894-1897da Sarkin Karaye Abdulkadir 1897-1903 da Sarkin Karaye Usman 1903-1922 da Sarkin Karaye Ahmadu 1922-1941da Sarkin Karaye Yusufu 1941-1946, Sai kuma Sarkin Karaye Ibrahim I, 1946-1969 da Sarkin Karaye Garba Abubakar II, 1969-1981 sai Sarkin Karaye Abubakar Aliyu II, 1981-1998, sai kuma Sarkin Karaye Ibrahim Abubakar II, 1998 zuwa yanzu.
Fadadar Karaye lokacin Sarki Alu 1858-1894
Alhaji Umaru Karaye ya ce a sarakunan Fulani a Karaye Sarki Alu shi ne ya fi kowane Sarki dadewa a kan gadon sarauta, domin ya kai kimanin shekara 33 yana mulkin Karaye. Haka kuma zuriyarsa sun yadu a kasar Kano da Katsina. A Kano akwai zuriyarsa a garin Kiru, irin su ne suke sarautar garin Yalwan Danziyal sai kuma Karamar Hukumar Rimin Gado.
Haka a grin Madobi akwai zuriyarsa da suke mulkin garin tun daga kan Sarkin Madobi Sule wanda ya haifi Sarkin Madobi Abdullahi shi kuma ya haifi Sarkin Madobi Muhammadu shi kuma ya haifi Sarkin madobi Alu shi kuma ya haifi Sarkin Madobi Mahmudu shi kuma ya haifi Sarkin Madobi Umaru, wanda shi ne Sarki a yanzu.
Kuma a kasar Katsina akwai garuruwan hakimai da dagatai da dama wadanda duk zuriyarsa ne, kamar su; Bakori da Magajin Jiba da ’Yan Kwani da Dawan Musa da Tandama da Sandada da ’Yantumaki da Karfi da Kafin Dangi da kuma Maidabino. Ya ce, wadannan gidaje duk zuriyar Sarkin Karaye Alu ne, zuriyar da ake kira Dangawa a yankin Katsina sun yadu har sun kai suna sarauta a wasu garuruwa kamar Lapai da Agaye a Jihar Neja da kuma Keffi a Jihar Nasarawa wadanda dukkansu sarakunan yanka ne. Haka kuma a kwai Rijau Hakimi ne a Jihar Neja.
Daga nan sai Alhaji Umaru Karaye ya yi kira ga gwamanatocin Arewa su dubi irin kokarin da wadansu daga cikin sarakunan Karaye suka yi na hidima wa kasa domin sanya sunayensu a gine-gine da hanyoyin gwamnati domin tunawa da su musamman Sarkin Karaye Garba Abubakar I wanda ya rike mukamai da dama tun daga lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka har zuwa lokacin Sardaunan Sakwato, Sa Ahmadu Bello.
Ya ce Sarkin Karaye Abubakar na Farko, ya fara aikin En’e a matsayin malamin hakimi a Gundumar Gezawa a 1934 daga Gezawa aka yi masa canji zuwa ofishin Ciroman Kano Muhammadu Sunusi babban Dan Majalisar Sarkin Kano a 1939. Daga nan ya samu ci gaba zuwa shugaban ma’aikatan En’e. Ya ce ya halarci kwas a Kwalejin Harkokin Afirka (College of Oriental and African Studies) da ke birinin Landan a 1953.
Ya ce bayan ya dawo daga kwas din ne ya zama D.O wanda shi ne bakar fata na farko a Lardin Kano da ya fara rike mukamin a garin Minna a 1954. “Bayan ya zauna a Minna daga nan sai ya zama Babban Mai koyarwa a Cibiyar Harkokin Mulki ta Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya.
Ya ce Sarkin Karaye Abubakar I mutum ne wanda ya tabo ilimin zamani da addini, domin Sarkin Kano Alhaji Abdullahi Bayero ne ya rike shi tun yana karami, kuma ya koya masa ilimin addini shi kuma tun yana karami ya koya wa Sarkin Kano Alhaji Abdullahi karatun boko. Ya ce daga Kongo aka mai da shi yankin Birnin Kebbi a matsayin D.O. Kuma ya yi Kantoma a Kaduna a 1962-1964 daga nan likkafa ta ci gaba ya zama Mataimakin Sakataren Sardauna lokacin wani Bature mai suna Mista Great Barch yana Sakataren. Ya zama Babban Razdan na Lardin Katsina. Ya rike Mataimakin Babban Sufeton Ma’adanai wato mataimakin Malam Inuwa Gombe. Lura da iri mukaman da ya rike a Arewa ya kamata gwamnatoci su karrama Sarkin Karaye Abubakar I musamman gwamnatin Kano.
