Jihohi masu arzikin man fetur, sun kasance jihohin da suka fi turun bashi a kasar nan duk da irin makudan kudaden da ake ware musu, kamar dai yadda wani binciken da Aminiya ta gudanar ya gano:
Wasu alkaluma daga Ofishin Kula da Basussuka na Kasa (DMO), sun nuna cewa jihohin da ke da arzikin man fetur, suna iyo a cikin kogin bashin cikin gida kawai da ke kan gwamnatocinsu da ya kai Naira tiriliyan 1 da biliyan 25o, zuwa watan Maris din da ya gabata.
Hakan na zuwa ne a daidai lokacin da alkaluman Ma’aikatar Kudi ta Najeriya ta nuna jihohin tara masu arzikin man, sun karbi Naira tiriliyan 44 da biliyan 680, a matsayin kashi 13 cikin 100 na cinikin mai daga rabon wata-wata na Gwamnatin Tarayya daga watan Yunin 1999 zuwa Disamban bara.
Sai dai wadannan alkaluman ba su dauke da irin kudaden da wadannan jihohin ke samu daga rabon arzikin kasa na wata-wata da Gwamnatin Tarayya ke bai wa jihohi da kananan hukumomi da kuma kudaden shiga da jihohin masu arzikin man ke tattarawa a matsayin haraji.
Bisa tanadin tsarin mulkin kasa, jihohin na samun kashi 13 cikin 100 daga arzikin albarkatun mai da aka samu a jihohinsu; haka ma jihohin da suka kasance rijiyoyin man nasu na can cikin teku daga gabar iyakokinsu, suna samun wannan kashi 13 cikin 100 na arzikin man.
Shida daga cikinsu, wato jihohin Akwa Ibom da Bayelsa da Kuros Riba da Ribas da Delta da Edo – sun kasance daga yankin Neja-Delta ko kuma Kudu maso Kudancin Najeriya.
Sauran su ne jihohin Abiya da Imo, daga yankin Kudu maso Gabas; sai kuma Jihar Ondo daga Kudu maso Yamma. Amma Jihar Kuros Riba wadda a baya ta kasance cikin masu amfana daga kashi 13 cikin 100; yanzu ba ta cikin jihohi masu arzikin mai, sakamakon wani hukuncin Kotun Koli a watan Yulin 2012, wanda ya kwace rijiyoyin ma 76 daga hannunta, ya mika su ga Jihar Akwa Ibom.
Wadannan jihohin suna kuma samun tallafi daga wasu kafofin na daban, kama daga Ma’aikatar Raya Yankin Neja-Delta da Hukumar Raya Yankin Neja-Delta (NDDC) da Shirin Afuwa na Gwamnatin Tarayya da ma kamfanonin mai da iskar gas.
Bayanai daga alkaluman Hukumar Rabon Tattalin Arzikin Kasa (FAAC) sun nuna a shekarar 2018 kadai, Jihar Delta ta karbi Naira biliyan 285 daga asusun na FAAC. Sai Jihar Akwa Ibom da ta samu Naira biliyan 272. Ita kuwa Jihar Ribas ta samu Naira biliyan 237; yayin da Bayelsa ta karbi Naira biliyan 192. Sauran jihohin, sun hada da Edo wacce ta samu Naira biliyan 112, ita kuma Jihar Ondo ta tashi da Naira biliyan 108, yayin da Kuros Riba ta samu Naira biliyan 91.
Tarkon bashin Naira tiriliyan 1.2
Bayanai daga Ofishin Kula da Bashi na Kasa sun nuna yawan basussukan da ke kan jihohin shida na yankin Kudu maso Kudu da ya kai Naira tiriliyan 1.25; a daya bangaren al’ummomin jihohin ba su wuce miliyan 21.04 ba.
Yawan jama’ar yankin daidai yake da kashi 15 cikin 100 na yawan al’ummar Najeriya, bisa ga alkaluman kidayar 2006.
Jihar Ribas ce jagora a fagen turun bashin, da Naira biliyan 225 da miliyan 590. Delta ce ke rufa mata baya da nauyin bashin Naira biliyan 223 da miliyan 440. Sai kuma Jihar Akwa Ibom, mai bashin Naira biliyan 199 da miliyan 770. Kuros Riba kuma tana da bashi a wuyanta da ya kai Naira biliyan 167 da miliyan 250. Sai Bayelsa mai turun bashi na Naira biliyan 133. Jihar Edo ce a kasa da tulin bashin Naira biliyan 86 da miliyan 370.
Sauran jihohin da ke da arzikin mai, kuma wadanda ba sa daga yankin na Neja-Delta suna da yawan jama’ar suka kai miliyan 10.1 tare da nauyin bashin da ya kai Naira biliyan 217.66, a daidai wannan lokaci da aka bi diddigi. Jihohin sun hada da Imo mai tsibin bashi na Naira biliyan 97 da miliyan 850, Jihar Abiya mai bashin Naira biliyan 62 da miliyan 850; Jihar Ondo na fama da bashin Naira biliyan 56 da miliyan 960.
Sun samu Naira tiriliyan 44 cikin shekara 19
A kalailaicewar da Aminiya ta yi na kundin bayanan asusun FAAC, ya nuna jihohin tara sun samu Naira tirilyan 44 a matsayin harajin fitar da mai daga jihohin nasu cikin shekara 19 da suka gabata.
Akwa Ibom ta karbi Naira tiriliyan 1.47, sai Bayelsa da ta samu Naira tirilyan 1.09. Kuros Riba kuma ta tashi da Naira biliyan 278.12. Delta ta dauki Naira biliyan 39.9. Sai Jihar Edo mai Naira biliyan 84.54. Ribas kuma ta amshi Naira tiriliyan 1.44.
Sauran jihohin, irin su Abiya Naira biliyan 69.19. Imo ta amshi Naira biliyan 69.59. Sai kuma Ondo mai Naira biliyan 258.02.
Jihohi na karbar basussukan da ba su bukata – Sanata
Galibin jihohin kasar nan kan rungumi basusukan da a zahiri ba su da bukatar dauka, inji tsohon Shugaban Kwamitin Kula da Basussukan Waje na Majalisar Dattawa, Sanata Shehu Sani.
Ya ce jihohi na karbar bashi don gudanar da ayyukan da ba za su iya mayar da kudin basussukan ba. “Jihohin da ke da arzikin mai, kan samu rancen cikin sauki, sakamakon yadda masu bayar da bashin ke zumudin ba su rance saboda a ganinsu jihohin na da karfin biyan bashin,” inji shi.
Ya ce sakamakon yadda majalisun jihohi ba su tafka muhawara game da karbar rancen, ya sa gwamnoni ke yin gaban kansu wajen karbar rancen. A cewarsa, ta kai ga wadansu gwamnonin ma na karbar rance don aiwatar da ayyukan da tun farko suke a kasafin kudin jihohin nasu.
Ya kara da cewa, kamar jihohin Edo da Kuros Riba, rancen da suka karba ya kai musu iya wuya; ta yadda ba za iya sake amsar wasu basussukan ba a yanzu. Binciken Aminiya ya gano cewa, galibin ayyukan da jihohi masu arzikin man suka gudanar daga wadannan rancen, ayyuka ne na baban-giwa. Alal misali, aikin da ya lakume biliyoyin Naira na Tinapa da Gwamnatin Jihar Kuros Riba ta yi, a yanzu ya zama kufai.
Har ila yau, aikin da shi ma ya cinye biliyoyin Naira da Gwamnatin Jihar Akwa Ibom ta yi na filin wasa mai daukar ’yan kallo dubu 30, ba ya iya samar wa gwamnatin wani kudin shiga ko miskala zarratin.
Sauran manyan ayyukan da jihohi masu albarkatun man suka tsunduma gudanarwa, akwai wani aikin da ba a kai ga kammala shi ba, na gina tashar jiragen ruwa na tsakiyar teku, wato Agge Seaport. Sai kuma aikin Asibitin Kwararru na Ibom kan Naira biliyan 41 a Jihar Akwa Ibom da dai sauransu. Akwai kuma ayyukan da aka kaddamar, amma aka yi watsi da sha’aninsu. Kamar aikin gina otel mai hawa 18 kan biliyoyin Naira da gwamnatin Jihar Bayelsa ta faro; amma ta jinginar. Sai kuma aikin gina wata cibiyar shakatawa mai suna Ibom a birnin Uyo, a kan Naira biliyan 120. Sai kuma wani aikin gina babban asibiti a Benin mai gadaje 200 kan biliyoyin Naira shi ma amma shekara uku bayan kaddamar da asibitin, har yanzu bai fara aiki ba.
Kudaden mai holoko ne kawai amma ba arziki ba – Hukumar NEITI
Wani kwararre a harkar albarkatun mai, Dokta Dauda Garba, ya shaida wa Aminiya cewa jihohi masu arzikin mai sun fi kantar bashi a matakan gwamnati a kasar nan; sakamakon yadda arzikin man ke haifar da abin da ake kira yi wa rogo kallon kitse, a fagen arziki.
A cewar masanin, sakamakon yadda a kowane wata ake rabon harajin man ga jihohin, hakan ya sanya gwamnonin yankin Neja-Deltan ke debowa fiye da bakinsu tare da yin almubazzaranci da dukiyar.
“A shekarun baya, Hukumar NEITI, mai sa ido kan arzikin albarkatun kasa, a wasu alkaluman binciken kashe kudade da ta fitar, ta gwada yadda Jihar Bayelsa ta kashe abin da ya fi samunta da kashi 40, a shekarun 2007-2011; wanda hakan ya dara abin da take samu nesa ba kusa ba,” inji masanin.
“A dai wannan rahoton na NEITI, ya nuna jihohin Gombe da Nasarawa sun yi zarra sosai ta fuskar ririta kudadensu, duk da irin karancin hasafinsu, idan aka kwatanta da kason da jihohi masu arzikin man ke samu,” inji shi.
Dokta Garba, wanda babban mai bayar da shawara ta fuskar aiki ga Sakataren Gudanarwa na Hukumar NEITI ne, ya ce: “Idan ka tambaye ni, sai in ce da kai arzikin albarkatun kasa, shi ne silar dankwafar da jihohi ba tare da wani kyakkyawan tsarin ci gaba ba. Yana haifar da daukar rayuwa yadda kake so, da rashin mayar da hankali da uwa-uba cin hanci da rashawa. Halin kantar basussukan jihohin Neja-Delta; kai-tsaye na da nasaba da haka.” Ya ci gaba da cewa: “Idan ka yi dubi a tsanaki kan jihohin yankin Neja-Delta, za ka ga cewa babu alamun da suke nuna an samu irin wadannan makudan kudade. Sai dai kawai cin hanci da rashawa. Amma babu wata hujjar da za ta gwada dalilin da suka sa jihohin Neja-Deltan ba su ci gaba ba.”
Rashin kyakkyawan tsari ne ya haddasa basussukan
Tarin bashin na samuwa ne sakamakon rashin kyakkyawan tsarin ririta tattalin arziki tare da rashin bin ka’idoji da kuma aiwatar da kasafin kudi kamar yadda Dokta Ukoha Ukiwo, wani kwararre a sha’anin ci gaba kuma mamba a Majalisar Rubuta Yarjejeniya kan Albarkatun Kasa na Najeriya ya bayyana.
Ya ce al’amarin bai samo asali ba ne sakamakon yadda galibin gwamnonin sun gaji basussukan ne daga tsofaffin gwamnatocin da suka gada ba. “A wasu lokutan, basussukan kan kara hauhawa ne sakamakon yadda sababbin gwamnatocin ke faro wasu sababbin ayyuka na daban; ba tare da la’akari wajen kammala wadanda suka tarar a kasa ba. To hakan ne ke shafar romon da za a iya samu daga kammala wadancan ayyukan,” inji shi.
Ya ce kamar a sauran jihohin kasar nan, jihohi masu arzikin mai na rungumar gaggan ayyukan da ake kan aiwatarwa. “Batun shi ne, ko ayyukan sun dace da bukatar al’umma ko za su samar da kudaden shiga. Akwai kuma kalubalen batun da ke tasowa ko akwai rarar kudade daga kasafin manyan ayyukan da kuma na ayyukan gwamnatocin na yau da kullum, sakamakon hauhawar gudanar da gwamnatocin a yankin,” inji kwararren.
