Kasar Sin ta ba da sanarwar daina amfani da motoci masu amfani da makamashin man fetur da dizil a kasarta zuwa shekarar 2040. A makon jiya mun kawo kashi na biyu kan sharhin da muke yi kan sakon da ke dunkule cikin wannan sanarwa nata, da kasashen da suka yi wanann kuduri kanfinta, da sakamakon hakan ga kudin shigarmu a Najeriya, sannan a karshe mu ji bayani kan motoci masu amfani da makamashin lantarki da yanayinsu. Ga kashi na uku cikin sharhin da Stebe Dent ya yi kan motoci masu amfani da makamashin lantarki nan. A sha karatu lafiya.
Su waye gwanaye a fannin?
Kamfanin da ya fara fitowa fagen kera motoci masu amfani da hadakar makamashin lantarki da gas shi ne Toyota, sadda ya kera nau’in Toyota Prius a kasar Japan cikin shekarar 1997. Wannan mota ta yi kasuwa matuka a kasar Japan, inda kamfanin ya sayar guda 18,000 a shekarar farko, sama da adadin da yake hasashe. A kasar Amurka ma kamfanonin kera motoci sun kaddamar da nau’ukan motoci masu makamashin lantarki zalla tsakanin shekarar 1997 da 1999, amma ba su yi kasuwa ba sosai. Nan take kamfanonin suka daina kera su. Kamfanin kera mota na farko da ya kaddamar da nau’in mota mai hadakar makamashin lantarki da gas shi ne Honda, a shekarar 1999. Nau’in motar da ya kera ita ce Honda Insight, inda ya sake kaddamar da nau’in Honda Prius a shekarar 2000.
Kamfanin Honda ya samu kasuwa matuka, inda ya sayar nau’in Honda Prius sama da miliyan biyu a shekarar 2009. Daga nan kuma galibin kamfanonin kera motoci suka shiga kera masu hadakar makamashin lantarki da gas bila-adadin. Kamfanonin sun hada da Ford, da Cheby, da bolkswagen da kuma Porsche.
Nau’in mota mai makamashin lantarki da ta fara amfani da batirin nau’in Lithium-ion ita ce wadda hamshakin mai kudin nan, mai kamfanin PayPal, wato Musk ya saya a shekarar 2008. Kamfanin Tesla ne ya kera motar. Duk da cewa ba shi yak era casis din motar ba, amma sauran kamfanonin kera motoci irin su Cheby sun tabbatar da cewa, samar mota da Tesla yayi ne ya zaburar dasu wajen shiga sahun masu kera motoci masu makamashin lantarki zalla. Don haka a shekarar 2010 aka samu nau’in Cheby bolt mai hadakar makamashin lantarki da gas, wanda kamfanin Cheby ya kera, da kuma Nissan Leaf mai makamashin lantarki zalla, wanda kamfanin Nissan ya kera. A shekarar 2011 kuma sai ga nau’in C30 Electric na kamfanin bolbo, da Focus Electric na kamfanin Ford, da ActibeE na kamfanin BMW, da RAb4 Eb na kamfanin Toyota da dai sauransu. Shi kansa kamfanin Tesla ya sake kera nau’in Model S a shekarar 2012, wadda a karshe duk aka amince cewa ita ce mafi shahara daga cikin wadanda suka gabace ta.
YAYA SUKE AIKI?
Dukkan nau’ukan motoci masu amfani da makamashin lantarki zalla da masu hadakan lantarki da gas suna amfani da tsarin samar da makamashi ne ta hanyar birki, wato Regeneratibe Braking, don samar da karfin birki da taskance shi a jikin batirinsu. Duk da cewa akwai wasu nau’uka da aka kera yanzu da suka sha bamban. Wadanda suka sha bamban da wadancan, kamar nau’in Cibic da Insight na kamfanin Honda, suna amfani da makamashin gas ne ta hanyar na’urar sarrafa tafiyar mota, tare da injin, don sarrafa giyarta. Ire-iren wadannan nau’uka sun fi karko a babban titi wajen doguwar tafiya, amma ba su da kuzari wajen zirga-zirgan cikin gari.
Daga cikin misalan nau’ukan da ke amfani da makamashin gas da na lantarki akwai Cheby bolt. Tsarin karfin da ke tunkuda ta don yin tafiya yana amfani ne da makamashin lantarki zalla, amma bangaren makamashin gas din ke lura da cajin batirin da ke sarrafa dayan bangaren. Wannan nau’in mota ba ta da kuzari da juriya wajen doguwar tafiya, saboda saurin gushewar makamashi da tsawon lokacin da take dauka kafin batirinta ya gama caji. Ta fi dadin sha’ani wajen zirga-zirgar cikin gari. A daya bangaren kuma, nau’uka irin su Toyota Prius na amfani da wani tsari ne na musamman da ke ba su kuzari wajen doguwar tafiya da kuma zirga-zirgar cikin gari. Sai dai ita kuma babbar matsalarta shi ne tana da dan karen tsada, saboda wasu bangarorinta na musamman da take zuwa da su.
Nau’ukan Cheby bolt da Toyota Prius masu amfani da hadakar makamashin lantarki da gas suna da kafar caji (Charging Port) a jikinsu, tare da batir mai isasshen makamashi kwatankwacin wanda zai iya sarrafa mota mai makamashin lantarki zalla idan ta tashi doguwar tafiya. Misali, nau’in Toyota Prius na iya tafiyar mil 11 idan aka mata cajin batir na tsawon sa’o’i uku, a yayin da nau’in Cheby bolt ke iya tafiyar tazarar mil 38 idan aka mata cajin sa’o’i 10 zuwa 16.
Su kuma masu nau’in lantarki zalla fa?
Masu makamashin lantarki zalla sun fi saukin lamari, sai dai kuma tsarin da ke tafiyar da motsawarsu, da kuma hanyoyin cajinsu sun sha bamban nesa da wadanda suke hadaka ne. Nau’in Tesla Model S na dauke da injinta a baya ne, kuma da kafafunta na baya take motsawa, sannan na’urar dake taskance makamashinta na lantarki guda daya ne rak. Ita kuma nau’in Nissan Leaf injinta a gaba yake, kuma tayoyinta na gaba ne ke motsawa, sannan na’urar makamashin lantarkinta na motsawa ne daidai da motsawar shaft dinta. A daya bangaren kuma, nau’in SLS AMG Electric Dribe da kamfanin Mercedes Benz ya kera, tana dauke ne da na’urar taskance lantarki guda 4; kowane kusurwar taya na da daya, kuma karfin horsepower 740 ne da ita. Dankari!
Galibin masu amfani da makamashin lantarki kan samu cikakken caji idan suka kwana ana cajinsu daga kafar caji, ko kuma su caji na mizanin bolt 240 a rabin kwana. Ita nau’in Tesla S tana dauke da karin na’urar taskance caji ne, shi yasa take iya tafiyar tazarar mil 58 a duk cajin sa’a guda. Kamfanin Tesla ya samar da wata na’urar caji mai karfin gaske, wadda ke iya caja mota zuwa rabi cikin mintina 20, a fadin cibiyoyin caji 103 da ke warwatse a kasar Amurka.
