A ranar Litinin gwamnatin Amurka ta ayyana kisan da sojojin kasar Myanmar suke yi wa Musulmi ’yan kabilar Rohingya a kasar a matsayin kisan kiyashi.
’Yan kabilar Rohingya sama da 850,000 ne suke gudun hijira a sakamakon kisan babu gaira babu dalili da sojojn Myarmar ke musu.
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Ayyana abin da sojojin suke yi a matsayin kisan kiyashi, ya bude wani sabon babi a rikicin ’yan gudun hijira mafi girma a duniya.
Ga kadan daga abubuwan da ya kamata ku sani game da ’yan Rohingya:
– Asalin Rohingya –
Akalla ’yan Rohingya miliyan daya ne ke zaune a Jihar Rakhine da ke Gabashin kasar Myanmar, yankin da mabiya addinin Buddha ke da rinjaye.
A shekarar 2017 ’yan kabilar da dama suka tsere daga yankin mai fama da rikici, bayan wani samame da sojojin suka kaddamar a kansu.
An jima ana takaddama game da asalin ’yan kabilar Rohingya, daya daga cikin manyan dalilan tashin hankalin da suke ciki.
– Dadadden tarihi –
An ruwaito cewa Rohingya jikoki ne ga ’yan kasuwan Larabawa da Turkawa da Mogol da kuma sojojin da a karni na 15 suka yi hijira zuwa yankin Rakhine, wanda a lokacin ake kira Masarautar Arakan.
Wasu masana tarihin kuma sun ce Rohingya sun yiwo hijira ne daga yankin kasar Bangladesh ta yanzu – kuma shi ne ra’ayin da yawancin al’ummar Myamnar suka fi yin riko da shi.
Masana tarihi sun bayyana cewa Musulmin Rohingya wadanda su ne marasa rinjaye a Rakhine sun jima suna zaune lafiya da makwabtansu mabiya addinin Buddha, har aka nada wadansu daga cikinsu a matsayin mashawarta a Masarautar Buddha.
– Tushen rikicin Rohingya da Buddha –
A karni na 18 ne aka fara samun rikici a masarautar bayan kasar Bama ta kama yankin Rakhine, kafin daya bisani ya koma hannun turawan Ingila.
Daga cikin dabararsu ta raba-kan mutane domin su samu su mulke su, sai turawan suka fifita Musulman Rohingya, suka dauke su aikin soja a lokacin Yakin Dunya na Biyu; Sannan suka hada su fada da ’yan Buddha da ke tare da Japanawa a lokacin da yakin ya yi tsanani a kasar Bama.
Daga baya aka ba su ’yancin zama halastattun ’yan kasa da kuma kada kuri’a, bayan an yi wa kundin tsarin mulkin kasar gyaran fuska a 1947.
Sai dai kuma ba a je ko’in ba wannan damar ta zama tarihi.
– Dawowar cin zali –
A 1962 sojoji suka yi juyin mulki, lamarin da ya sake dawo da mulkin cin zali da kuntata wa ’yan Rohingya.
A 1982 aka yi wata sabuwar doka ta da soke ’yancin Musulmin Rohingya na zama ’yan kasar Myanmar.
Yawancin su suna zaune ne a Rakhine, amma an hana su zama halastattun ’yan kasa.
Ana kuma kuntata musu ta hanyar takaita musu zirga-zirga da kuma yin aiki.
Dubban daruruwan ’yan Rohingya sun yi kaura zuwa Bangladesh a sakamakon rikice-rikicen da aka yi ta samu a shekarun 1978 da kuma 1991 zuwa 1992.
Kasancewar harshensu ya zo daidai da na al’ummar Chittagong da ke Kudu maso Gabashin Bangladesh, yawancin mutanen Myanmar na yi wa Rohingya shagube da cewa bakin haure ne daga Bangladesh, don haka suke kiran su da ‘Bengali’.
Bayan saukar gwamnatin sojoji a 2011, an samu yaduwar tsattsauran ra’ayin addinin Buddha tare da nuna wariya ga Rohingya, wanda shi ne silar sabon rikicin da ake fama da shi a yanzu.
– Fyade, kisa da kone-kone –
A 2012 rikicin addini ya barke tsakanin ’yan kabilar Rohingya wadanda Musulmi ’yan Sunni ne da mabiya addinin Buddha, har aka kashe akalla mutum 100.
Rikicin ya ya haifar da rabuwar kai tsakanin mabiya addinai a yankin Rakhine.
A shekara biyar da suka biyo baya, ’yan Rohingya akalla dubu 10 sun yi kaura zuwa kasashen Banglades da kuma Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya.
A wadannan tafiye-tafiye suna yin kasadar bin jiragen ruwa masu hadari ta hannun masu safarar bil Adama.
Duk da cewa an fi shekara 10 ana gallaza musu, ’yan Rohingya ba su dauki matakin tashin hankali ba.
– Karfin soja –
A 2016 wata karamar kungiyar ’yan sa-kai – Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) – suka kaddamar da wani kazamin hari a kan jami’an tsaron Myanmar.
Bayan nan ne hukumomin tsaron kasar suka mayar da martani da wani kazamin samame a kan ’yan kabilar.
A sakamakon haka, ’yan Rohingya sama da 391,000 suka yi gudun hijira zuwa Bangladesh a 2017.
Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ruwaito ’yan gudun hijirar suna bayar da labarai marasa dadin ji game da irin kisan gilla fyade da kone-kone da sojojin Myanmar suka yi musu.
– ’Yan mazan jiya –
Gwamnatin Shugaba Aung San Suu Kyi, matar da a baya duniya ke yabo kan jajircewarta wajen kalubalanta kama karyar sojoji a Myarmar, ta yi watsi da korafin al’ummar duniya kan cin zarafin ’yan Rohingya.
Suu Kyi ta kare abin da sojojin suka yi, har a 2019 ta je Kotun Hukunta Manyan Laifuka ta Duniya da ke Birnin Hague na kasar Switzerland, ta yi fatali da zargin da ake wa sojojin.
A watan Fabrairun 2021 sojojin da ta goya wa baya suka sake tsare ta a gidan yari bayan sun kifar da gwamnatinta.
A halin yanzu, sojojin na ikirarin cewa kotun duniyar ba ta da hurumin sauraron shari’ar, don haka suke neman a yi watsi da karar su da aka shigar a gabanta.
Alkaluman da aka fitar a baya-bayan nan sun nuna mutanen Rohingya sama da dubu 850 na zaune a cikin halin ni-’yasu a sansanonin ’yan gudun hijira a kasar Bangladesh; Wasu karin 600,000 kuma na zaune a Rakhine.
