Wata yana da masaukai kuma kowace masauka tana da minti 49 tsakaninta da ’yar uwarta, kuma ba za ka iya ganin wata ba, sai idan yana da akalla manzila daya tsakaninsa da rana, a ganin ido.
Allah, Mai girma da daukaka Ya ce: “Shi ne {Allah} Wanda Ya sanya rana (ta zama) mai babban haske, wata kuma mai wani haske, kuma Ya kaddara shi ga manziloli (masaukai) domin ku san kidayar shekaru da kuma lissafi. Allah Bai halicce su a haka kawai ba, face da gaskiya. Yana bayyana ayoyi daki-daki domin mutane wadanda suke sani”. Suratu Yunus, aya ta 5.
Kuma Ya ce, “Lallai adadin watanni a gurin Allah (SWT) wata goma sha biyu ne (tun) ranar da Ya halicci sammai da kasa, daga cikinsu akwai watanni hudu masu alfarma”. Suratut Tauba, aya ta 36.
Kuma Ya ce: “Rana da wata a kan lissafi suke”. Wani lissafi ne da ba ya saba wa juna, amma shi wata Ya kaddara shi a kan manziloli (masaukai)”. Tafsirin Ibn Kathir, Suratur Rahman, aya ta 5.
Kodayake shi wata da ma yana samun haskensa ne daga rana, sai ya soma karuwa a kowace manzila, har haskensa ya cika a daren sha hudu (14 -badar) ko daren sha biyar. Wato ranar sha uku da daddare, ko ranar sha hudu da daddare. Daga nan sai ya fara raguwa har ya dawo kamar tsumagiyar dabino, wacce ta bushe.
Kamar fadin Allah (SWT) da Ya ce:- “Lallai wata, Mun kaddara shi ga masaukai (manziloli), har sai ya koma siriri, kamar tsumagiyar murlin dabino, wadda ta tsufa”. Surar Ya Sin, aya ta 39.
Sannan Ya ce: “Suna tambayarka game da jira-jiran wata. Ka ce su (jira-jiran watan) lokuta ne ga mutane…”. Surar Bakara, aya ta 189.
4 – Me shari’ah ta ce idan wata ya tsaya da girma a daren farko?
Amsa: To da farko dai shi girman wata ba ya hana shi ya zama tsayuwar yau, saboda hadisin Ibn Abbas, a
ma’anarsa ta dunkule: Wasu daga cikin sahabbai sun duba wata, a wani kwari da ake kira Badanun-nakhlah, sai wasu suka ce, ‘ganin shekaranjiya ne’; wasu kuma suka ce, ‘ganin jiya ne’; da suka gamu da Ibn Abbas, suka maimaita masa, sai ya ce da su, “To ku yaushe kuka gan shi?” Sai suka ce dare kaza da kaza, sai ya ce musu, “Na ji Manzon Allah (SWT) ya ce: ‘Lallai Allah ne Ya kara masa girma don saukin gani’. Saboda haka shi na daren da kuka gan shi ne”. (Muslim, juz’i na 2, shafi na 765).
Sai kuma hadisin da yake bayani a kan yanda ake gane tsayuwar jiya da tsayuwar yau, Ibn Umar ya ce, Manzon Allah (SAW) ya ce, “Idan jinjirin wata ya bace kafin shafaki, to shi ne darensa (wato tsayuwar yau ne), idan kuma ya bace bayan shafaki, to shi dare biyu ne (wato tsayuwar jiya ne)”. Almudalibul Aliyah na Alhafiz Ibn Hajar Al’askalaniy. Shafaki shi ne jan da ake gani bayan faduwar rana, kuma yana dogewa har zuwa isha’i makusanciya.
5 – Akwai bambancin sabon wata ne a tsakanin shari’ah da kimiyyah?
E! Akwai, bambanci tsakanin sabon wata (new moon) da kuma hilal (wading crescent).
To shi dai farkon jinjirin wata a shari’ah (hilal), sai ya yi akalla awa 17, kafin a iya ganinsa da idanu. Shi kuma sabon wata a kimiyya (Astronomy) shi ne farkon fitowarsa da kimanin sakan (dakika) daya tak, wanda ake ce masa ‘almihak’ (conjection). A takaice ke nan!
Wannan kuwa saboda hadisin Manzon Allah (SAW) da ya ce: “Kada ku dauki azumi, har sai kun ga jinjirin wata, kuma kada ku ajiye (azumi), har sai kun gan shi, kuma in ya buya daga ganinku, to ku cika lissafin Sha’aban kwana talatin”. Kitabus-siyam Tanwiirul Hawaliki, shafi na 269.
Manzon Allah (SAW) ya ce:- “Idan kun ga wata, ku yi azumi, kuma idan kun gan shi, to ku ajiye azumi.” An yi ittifaki a kan hadisin.
Kuma ya ce, “Ku yi azumi da ganin wata karara, zuwa ganin wata karara”.
Sannan a cikin Fatawal Kubra na Ibn Taimiyya, Kitabus Siyam, hadisin da ke bayani a kan boyon wata na kwana biyu ko kwana daya shi ne: An rawaito daga dan Umar, Allah Ya yarda da su, ya ce: Lallai Manzon Allah (SAW) ya tambayi wani mutum: “Shin ka azumci kwanakin biyu na buya karshen wannan wata (Sha’aban)?” Sai ya ce, “A’a”. Sai Annabi (SAW) ya ce: “To idan an sha ruwa, ka azumci kwana biyu (a maimakonsu)”. An yi ittifaki a kan hadisin.
Aliyu da Abu Huraira da A’ishah (Allah Ya yarda da su) sun ce: “In yi azumi a cikin Sha’aban (karshensa) ya fi mini alheri fiye da in ci abinci a cikin Ramadan (karshensa).” Almughny.
6 – Me shari’ah ta ce game da shaidu, idan ba a ga wata ba washegarin ranar 30?
Amsa ita ce:- karyata su za a yi. Idan wasu suka kawo labarin ganin wata ranar ishirin da tara (29), aka yarda da ganinsu, sai kuma washegari (30) ba a gan shi ba, kuma ga shi gari ya kore fes, babu abin da zai hana a gan shi, to (sai) a karyata su. Jawahirul-iklil, sharhin Mukhtasar.
Sannan kuma ya yi nuni da cewa idan an samu labarin ganin wata, to ko da wasu ba su gan shi ba, a yau ishirin da tara (29), to fa gobe babu makawa za a gan shi a bayyane, matukar babu girgije (gajimare) ko hazo da zai hana mutane ganinsa. Dalili shi ne: fadinsa (Ibn Taymiyyah): “To shi dai sanin yadda rana da wata suke yin rashin lafiya, kamar sanin kowa ne cewa a daren talatin da daya, ranar talatin (30) ke nan, babu makawa sai wata ya bayyana (mafi yawan mutane su gan shi) domin kuwa kokonto yana aukuwa ne a daren talatin, ranar ishirin da tara (29) ke nan”.
7 – Muna lura da ayoyin Alkur’ani da hadisai da maganganun magabata kuwa?
Amsa: Lallai ba mu cika lura da hakikanin ma’anar ayoyin Alkur’ani Mai girm da hadisan Manzon Allah (SAW) ba. Domin kuwa da hakan tana faruwa, to ba za a taba ka samu wanda zai zo ya ba da labarin wata kuma a yi kwana biyu ba a ga wata ba; ko kuma a ga tsohon wata da safe, sannan a ce za a neme shi da yammacin wannan wunin a matsayin sabon wata ba; duk da hakan ta sha faruwa a baya.
Ibnu Taymiyya ya ce: “Yana daga cikin sharuddan da za su tabbata kafin ya zama ‘shahar’ su ne ya shahara a tsakanin mutane, saboda fadin Manzon Allah (SAW): “Azuminku shi ne ranar da kuka dauki azumi (baki daya), kuma idinku shi ne ranar da kuka yi idi (baki daya)”.
To a nan, ya ku ’yan uwa, sai ku yi tunani kuma ku yi juyayi game da duniyar Musulunci a yau, kasancewarta (duniya) ta zama kamar wani gari ne guda daya, ta yadda za ka iya magana da kowa daga ko’ina, a cikin karamin lokaci.
To za ka ga yadda mutane suke daukar azumi a ranar farko da rana ta biyu da kuma rana ta uku, amma ranar farko kadan ne kwarai a bisa ranar tsakiya, kuma su ne kaso mafi yawa; sannan kaso na karshe suke bi ma kaso na biyu a wajen yawa. Abin da ya kawo wannan sabani, biyu ne! Na farko, bambancin kasashe; na biyu, sabani na cikin gida! Wannan sabanin kuma ya hadu da rashin sanin galibin mutane game da ka’idojin lissafin watan Musulunci!!
8 – Mece ce mafita a cikin wadannan matsaloli?
Amsa:- Mafita a wadannan matsaloli su ne kamar haka:
Da farko dai sai mun ji tsoron Allah (SWT), sannan mu koma kan tafarkin magabata. Imam Malik, Allah Ya jikansa, ya ce: “karshen wannan al’umma ba zai gyaru ba, sai da abin da ta farko ta gyaru da shi. Kuma mafi girman abin da al’ummar farko ta gyaru da shi shi ne ikhlasi (aiki domin Allah)”.
Muna fata Allah (SWT) Ya sanya ayyukanmu su zama dominSa. Wassalamu alaikum warahmatullah!
